I’m starting to dust off some seasonal projects and realized I hadn’t made this simple tool public which others may find handy. With projects like the NeoPixel Tree it can be much quicker to code visual sequences locally instead of waiting for new firmware to upload to the MCU every time you want to tweak something.
Amsterdam was so nice! Great food, going to Tony’s Chocolonely, meeting friendly cats, avoiding bicycles, a ride in the canal, and visiting the Anne Frank memorial just to name a few highlights.
Fun fact: You can put the latest version of OpenBSD on a PPC 32-bit processor like the G4. Fun to dual boot with Mac OS 9 if you want a modern, secure computer!
Some notes
The OpenBSD docs are really good and thorough. Open Firmware needs some tweaking if you want to boot directly into OpenBSD, so this is what I did after booting into it with command+option+o+f:
Initially I didn’t want to mess with the internal drive of the iMac since I had both Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X installed, so I tried to install to a USB drive. Although the installation succeeded (albeit extremely slowly due to USB 1.1), the boot into the system failed due to the following error:
panic: rootfilesystem has size 0
Looking at the trace of the kernel boot process it was evident why: Even though we installed the OS to sd0 (the mounted USB device), the kernel kept trying to mount wd0 which is the internal IDE drive.
I tried what I knew:
Tweaking the boot-device variable in Open Firmware
Using a different USB slot
Booting into the recovery kernel (bsd.rd) and mounting the USB to see if I could tweak fstab
Supposedly if we get to the boot prompt we can pass a -a flag for the root device (docs), but I couldn’t figure out how to get there.
Ultimately I decided to install OpenBSD to the main internal drive for now. If I get a hankering for Mac OS 9 I still have the trusty Power Mac G4.
The best setup will eventually be a dual or triple-boot. Trying to make the super-slow USB drive work is probably a terrible idea unless we plan to run it in a ramdisk mode the entire time.
The graphics driver kinda works
As you can see from the glxgears output above graphics are not accelerated. I’ve mostly played with the machine over SSH in a headless state so this hasn’t bothered me too much. I did glance at dmesg and saw that the expected driver, nv, was loaded and detected the card so I’m not totally sure what’s happening. I’m having flashbacks of when I used to spend hours tweaking xorg.conf and that may be on the horizon again.
If just running the console we still want the screen to sleep and I found I needed to make a couple tweaks for that to work.
First I needed to shut down X Windows:
rcctl stop xenodm
Then I needed to disable output activity from waking the screen:
display.outact=off
After that the screen would shut off after however many milliseconds were set for display.screen_off.
Copying over /etc/examples/wsconsctl.conf to /etc/ is a great starter config.
Turn-key graphics support depends on the model
If you’re running a G4 iMac 15″ that’s less than 1GHz, you have the GeForce2 MX which doesn’t have support out of the box via the nouveau driver. This means an unaccelerated graphics environment, low framerates, and sometimes a console that has inverted colors making it really hard to use.
The GeForce4 MX integrated on the 1GHz 15″ model and most of the 17″ iMacs is supported.
My 17″ iMac with the GeForce4 MX running glxgears at a blazing 12FPS.
Oh yeah, it runs DOOM
(Very poorly, presumably until the graphics driver is tweaked)
Running Chocolate Doom was painful. Even the setup utility had a good second or so input lag!
I first want to acknowledge that I did the thing that I try to never do: I showed off a snazzy project, left some hints here and there of how it worked, said I would follow up with full details… and never did. That’s lame.
I’ve had multiple people reach out for more info and I’m glad they did, since that’s pushed me to finally get some repos public and this belated follow-up written. Apologies!
To jump straight to it, I’ve published these two repos:
Let’s first go over the hardware involved. The most important piece, of course, is the Alfa-Zeta XY5.
In my case, the 14×28 board was made up of two 7×28 panels connected together via RJ-11.
The panels are pricey, but they can be thought of as “hardware easy-mode”. Alfa-Zeta has done the hard job building the controller that drives the hardware and all we have to do is supply power and an RS-485 signal that abides by their protocol.
If you purchase a panel from them there are two important documents to request:
The main manual that describes the specs, features, and things like the DIP switch settings.
The protocol for sending commands to the controllers (which is really simple).
These can easily found by searching around, but if you own a panel the company should supply them. Most of the protocol can be deduced by looking at open source code.
At the moment there isn’t much to it – you can either compile the firmware to run in a mode that writes data from UDP packets to the board, or you can draw “locally” using Adafruit GFX methods.
See the README in the repo above for more details.
Semi-interestingly I utilized Adafruit GFXagain, this time via swift-gfx-wrapper to draw to the board over UDP. It’s hacky and experimental, but that’s part of the fun.
See the README in the repo above for more details.
I’m really happy that most modern monitors support DDC so that we can programmatically change settings rather than go through clunky OSDs.
The problem
At my desk I have my Mac Studio and my latest gaming PC and they both share a triple monitor setup. When I want to switch the monitors between the two, I either need to:
Turn on auto-switching mode
Manually change the input x 3
Auto-switching kinda worked, but has quirks I can’t live with. One is when I’m playing a game on the PC and the Mac wakes up for whatever reason, the PC receives a signal that hardware has been connected or disconnected and the screen freezes. It seems like a firmware bug to me – if an input is being actively used the others should be ignored.
The manual route is pretty bad as well. The M32U‘s input switchers are on the back of the monitor, which is pretty much the worst spot possible. Only the far right monitor is slightly more convenient to access.
How DDC solves it
By using m1ddc on the Mac we can easily script a way to switch between the two machines. 🎉 This means I can create a keyboard shortcut to toggle the inputs, a physical button, or even run it from an external computer. Hooray!
Edit: Now with web appi-ness!
I threw together a quick Flask app that can be accessed from any device on my network to switch inputs. Neato!
Note: Once I connect the left monitor the same way I connect the other two, the transition should be more in sync. Currently it’s a little slower due to the HDMI connection.
I recently set up a ZFS mirror on my home server and found myself needing a way to be alerted if something went wrong. That same server runs Grafana and InfluxDB, and collects various metrics from my other machines (and itself) via Telegraf. Since I already have email alerts set up with that stack, it felt simplest to use it for this solution.
A really simple script
#!/bin/sh
# Compares the expected zpool status output with the actual status.
# Copy to a global location such as /usr/local/bin so it's accessible to Telegraf.
# Note: This can provide a false-postive if the output of the command changes, which is not guaranteed to be stable.
# Returns 0 for "false" (not healthy), returns 1 for "true" (healthy)
# Chose using integers over booleans due to how Grafana handles alerts.
OUTPUT="zfs_status,host=[HOSTNAME HERE] healthy="
if [ "$(zpool status -x)" != "all pools are healthy" ]; then
OUTPUT=${OUTPUT}"0i"
else
OUTPUT=${OUTPUT}"1i"
fi
echo $OUTPUT
There are similar scripts floating around on the Internet so I used those for inspiration. The only difference with mine is that it outputs the InfluxDB Line Protocol.
host= is just a convenient tag where you could put your box’s hostname (or call the hostname command and interpolate it).
Everything else should be explained by the script, including the possibility of false positives. Feel free to rename the zfs_status field to anything you wish. In my instance I use tws_zfs_status to differentiate custom fields I’ve created and possibly prevent namespace conflicts.
The Telegraf side
Telegraf has a super handy exec input where you can run arbitrary commands, so that’s what we use:
Since doomgeneric exposes the framebuffer, I throw that into an SKTexture and that gets added to a node in the SpriteKit scene, which is subclassed to override the update method to call doomgeneric_Tick(). Objective-C is used for interop between C and Swift, and fulfills most of the functions listed here. SwiftUI ultimately outputs the scene.
Very few tweaks needed to be made in doomgeneric itself.
They were basically:
Conditional compilation for a few calls that watchOS didn’t support (and we didn’t need).
Tweaking the 32-bit color bit offsets.
Handling a crash related to passing in arguments.
On watchOS we pass the absolute path of the WAD file in the main bundle to the engine.
Adjusting some SDL2 includes so headers could be found.
